What is E-waste?

E‑waste encompasses a wide variety of items, from smartphones, laptops and televisions to refrigerators and light fixtures, and often contains hazardous substances like lead, mercury, cadmium and flame retardants. Properly managing e‑waste is a crucial part of a circular economy and sustainable materials strategy. Related terms include WEEE (waste electrical and electronic equipment) and end of life equipment (EOL). Poor disposal and informal recycling channels create serious health, environmental and resource efficiency challenges.